“Speakeasy” Update - Speak Easy, Mate -
An Antipodal Antedating of
“Speak Easy Shop”
In a recent post, I surveyed the
history and etymology of the word “speakeasy,” denoting an unlicensed seller of
liquor. Speakeasies are most familiar in
pop-culture, as places where flappers danced and mobsters sold booze during Prohibition
in the United States, in the 1920s and into the 1930s.
The word was first popularized in
the United States after a widely reported crackdown on unlicensed alcohol
sellers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1889.
The term, “speak easy shop,” in the sense of an unlicensed alcohol
vendor, appeared in print in England as early as 1844. The term, “speak softly shop,” appeared in England
in 1823, but not necessarily as an unlicensed seller of alcohol. A slang dictionary defined the term as, “the house of a smuggler.”
“Speak easy,” seems to have been
an Irish expression, equivalent to the more English, “speak softly;” both
meaning to speak quietly. The suggestion
is that an unlicensed shop is the sort of place you do not want to be heard
talking about, or that the types of people who frequent them are they types of
people who have things to say that they do not want others to hear.
Since posting my earlier piece, Liquor
Licenses, Steelworkers and the British Navy – an Unlicensed History and
Etymology of “Speakeasies,” I have identified one earlier example of the
term, “speak easy shop,” from 1829. This
earlier reference suggests that “speak easy shop” was an expression used by “fancy”
people, in place of the more mundane, descriptive term, “private grog seller”:
Illicit
Vending of Spirits.
To
the Editor of the Sydney Gazette.
Sir,
I am a publican residing a
considerable distance in the interior, and notwithstanding the many and
numberless difficulties I have to surmount in bringing spirits from Sydney,
payment of license, subject to fines, Colonial regulations as to Government
servants, bushrangers, &c. I feel
myself most seriously annoyed in my business by what are termed private grog
sellers, or, as the fancy style them, speak easy shops, who set at defiance all
attempts of the Magistracy to put them down.
The Sydney Gazette and
New South Wales Advertiser, September 15, 1829 page 3 (the same letter was
reprinted in the Sydney Monitor
twice, October 3, 1829 (page 4) and October 5, 1829 (page 4)).
These sorts of "sly grog-shops" were even known as "speakeasy's" in parts of Australia at least as early as 1837.
The fact is, there are so many sly grog-shops, called in slang terms "speakeasy's" in this part - Boro Creek, and the road from Bungonia to Braidwood, - which are receptacles for thieves, bushrangers, and stolen property, that unless they are immediately put down by the local authorities, it will be impossible to live in the neighbourhood; sheep-stealing too, has of late been very prevalent in this quarter.
The Sydney Herald, November 20, 1837, page 3.
But despite this single, early appearance of the word in print, the next reference to "speakeasies" (by that name) found in Australia's Trove newspaper archive online search engine is in a report on the "Pennsylvania Liquor Trade."
Another system (according to the report of the British Consul in Philadelphia) has arisen, called "Speak-easies," for the illegal traffic in spirits. In the course of time, the liquor traffic, either by additinoal legislation or by prosecutions under the public nuisances law, will be brought to a satisfactory basis, and the "Speak-easies," "bottle shops," "bucket shops," and other nefarious means of spreading intoxication.
The Sydney Morning Herald, August 28, 1890, page 9.
The terms, “speak easy shop” and “speakeasies,” to denote unlicensed pubs or saloons, are both much older than had previously been
known.
If the term "speakeasy" is from Australia, and not from Prohibition-era New York, perhaps it is only fitting that the first boxing kangaroo may have come from Philadelphia, and not from Australia.
NOTE: This post updated April 28, 2021 to add the references to "speakeasy's" in the Sydney Herald in 1837 and 1890.
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